Características químicas y ópticas del material PM2.5 y del carbono orgánico soluble en agua (WSOC) colectado en una zona del Area Metropolitana de Monterrey
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29105/qh11.04-311Palabras clave:
PM2.5, XPS, carbono orgánico soluble en agua (WSOC), MéxicoResumen
En este trabajo se reporta la composición química y las propiedades ópticas de las partículas finas (PM2.5) y el carbono orgánico soluble en agua (WSOC) de estas partículas. Las muestras se colectaron en un sitio urbano del Área Metropolitana de Monterrey en México durante el invierno 2020 y se caracterizaron mediante espectroscopía infrarroja de transformada de Fourier de reflectancia total atenuada (ATRFTIR), espectroscopia de reflectancia difusa de infrarrojo cercano ultravioleta-visible (UV-Vis-NIR-DRS), espectroscopia de fotoelectrones de rayos X (XPS). La concentración promedio de PM2.5 en San Bernabé sobrepasó el límite de la NOM-025-SSA1-2014, lo cual representa un riesgo potencial a la salud de la población expuesta. Los análisis ATR-FTIR permitieron la identificación de iones inorgánicos (por ejemplo, CO32-, SO42- y NO32-), grupos funcionales orgánicos [por ejemplo, carbonilos (C=O), hidroxilo orgánico (C-OH), ácido carboxílico (COOH)] e hidrocarburos alifáticos aromáticos e insaturados. Los resultados obtenidos por XPS revelaron la presencia de especies químicas orgánicas e inorgánicas en PM2.5. Los espectros de reflectancia difusa proporcionaron las bandas de absorción en la región UV para CaSO4, CaCO3 y aluminosilicatos. Los valores del coeficiente de absorción a 365 nm (Abs365) y del exponente de absorción de Ángstróm (AAE) obtenidos para los extractos acuosos sugieren que muchos de los compuestos orgánicos solubles en agua correspondían a cromóforos de carbono marrón (BrC). Los valores del MAE365 hallados en esta investigación fueron más bajos que los reportados en ciudades altamente contaminadas.
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