Evaluación del potencial enzimático de microorganismos endófitos aislados de Vachellia farnesiana (Huizache)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29105/qh14.03-499Palabras clave:
microorganismos endófitos, Vachellia farnesiana, enzimas hidrolíticas, bacterias, hongosResumen
La simbiosis planta-microorganismo constituye una fuente importante de compuestos bioactivos con aplicaciones biotecnológicas. En este estudio se evaluó el potencial enzimático de bacterias y hongos endófitos aislados de Vachellia farnesiana (huizache), una especie nativa de regiones semiáridas de México. Se analizaron nueve bacterias y nueve hongos en medios selectivos para determinar la producción de amilasas, celulasas, lipasas, proteasas, quitinasas y la capacidad de fijación de nitrógeno. En bacterias, se observó crecimiento en los medios de proteasas (aislados 4 y 9), amilasas (aislado 5) y lipasas (aislados 5, 6, 7, 8 y 9). En hongos, el crecimiento se presentó en lipasas (aislados 3, 4 y 9), amilasas (aislados 1, 3, 4 y 9) y celulasas (aislados 2, 4, 7 y 8). Las bacterias mostraron crecimiento en Caldo libre de nitrógeno, sugiriendo posible fijación intracelular de nitrógeno. La ausencia de halos de hidrólisis en la mayoría de los medios indica que las enzimas podrían ser intracelulares o poco secretadas bajo las condiciones probadas. Los resultados evidencian la presencia de microorganismos endófitos con actividades enzimáticas diversas y potencial biotecnológico para su aprovechamiento en las industrias agroalimentaria, farmacéutica y ambiental.
Descargas
Citas
- [1]. Strobel, G., & Daisy, B. (2003). Bioprospecting for microbial endophytes and their natural products. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews: MMBR, 67(4), 491–502. https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.67.4.491-502.2003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.67.4.491-502.2003
- [2]. Watts, D., Palombo, E. A., Jaimes Castillo, A., & Zaferanloo, B. (2023). Endophytes in agriculture: Potential to improve yields and tolerances of agricultural crops. Microorganisms, 11(5), 1276. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11051276 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11051276
- [3]. Bhadra, F., Gupta, A., Vasundhara, M., & Reddy, M. S. (2022). Endophytic fungi: A potential source of industrial enzyme producers. 3 Biotech, 12(4), 86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-022-03145-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-022-03145-y
- [4]. Khan, T., Alzahrani, O. M., Sohail, M., Hasan, K. A., Gulzar, S., Rehman, A. U., Mahmoud, S. F., Alswat, A. S., & Abdel-Gawad, S. A. (2022). Enzyme profiling and identification of endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria isolated from Arthrocnemum macrostachyum. Microorganisms, 10(11), 2112. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10112112 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10112112
- [5]. Dogan, G., & Taskin, B. (2021). Hydrolytic enzymes producing bacterial endophytes of some Poaceae plants. Polish Journal of Microbiology, 70(3), 297–304. https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2021-026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2021-026
- [6]. Usman, M. M., Idi, A., Aisami, A., & Maigari, F. U. (2023). A review on endophytic fungi: A natural source of industrial enzymes. Asian Journal of Plant Biology, 5(1), 7–11. https://doi.org/10.54987/ajpb.v5i1.820 DOI: https://doi.org/10.54987/ajpb.v5i1.820
- [7]. Falade, A. O., Adewole, K. E., & Ekundayo, T. C. (2021). Aptitude of endophytic microbes for production of novel biocontrol agents and industrial enzymes towards agro-industrial sustainability. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-021-00146-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-021-00146-3
- [8]. Kubayi, S., Makola, R. T., & Dithebe, K. (2025). Exploring the antimicrobial, antioxidant and extracellular enzymatic activities of culturable endophytic fungi isolated from the leaves of Kirkia acuminata Oliv. Microorganisms, 13(3), 692. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13030692 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13030692
- [9]. Ali, M. A., et al. (2024). A review on mechanisms and prospects of endophytic bacteria for enzyme production. Science of the Total Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31573 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31573
- [10]. Bogas, A. C., Cruz, F. P. N., Lacava, P. T., & Sousa, C. P. (2022). Endophytic fungi: An overview on biotechnological and agronomic potential. Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 84, e258557. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.258557 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.258557
- [11]. Schulz, B., & Boyle, C. (2005). The endophytic continuum. Mycological Research, 109(6), 661–686. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095375620500273X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S095375620500273X
- [12]. da Silva Pinto, L. F., Tavares, T. C. S., Cardenas-Alegria, O. V., Lobato, E. M. S. G., de Sousa, C. P., & Nunes, A. R. C. (2025). Endophytic bacteria with potential antimicrobial activity isolated from Theobroma cacao in the Brazilian Amazon. Microorganisms, 13(7), 1686. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13071686 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13071686
- [13]. Ntabo, R. M., Nyamache, A. K., Lwande, W., Kabii, J., & Nonoh, J. (2018). Enzymatic activity of endophytic bacterial isolates from selected mangrove plants in Kenya. The Open Microbiology Journal, 12(1), 354–363. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874285801812010354 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1874285801812010354
- [14]. Kasana, R. C., Salwan, R., Dhar, H., Dutt, S., & Gulati, A. (2008). A rapid and easy method for the detection of microbial cellulases on agar plates using Gram’s iodine. Current Microbiology, 57(5), 503–507. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-008-9276-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-008-9276-8
- [15]. Dobbelaere, S., Croonenborghs, A., Thys, A., Ptacek, D., Vanderleyden, J., Dutto, P., … & Okon, Y. (2001). Responses of agronomically important crops to inoculation with Azospirillum. Plant and Soil, 243(2), 119–129. https://doi.org/10.1071/PP01074 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/PP01074
- [16]. Meddeb-Mouelhi, F., Moisan, J. K., & Beauregard, M. (2014). A comparison of plate assay methods for detecting extracellular cellulase and xylanase activity. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 66, 16–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.07.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.07.004
- [17]. Buisset, E., Soust, M., & Scott, P. T. (2025). The isolation of free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria and the assessment of their potential to enhance plant growth in combination with a commercial biostimulant. Microbiological Research, 16, 69. https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres16030069 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres16030069
- [18]. White, J. F., Kingsley, K. L., Zhang, Q., Verma, R., Obi, N., Dvinskikh, S., Elmore, M. T., Verma, S. K., Gond, S. K., & Kowalski, K. P. (2019). Review: Endophytic microbes and their potential applications in crop management. Pest Management Science, 75(10), 2558–2565. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5527 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5527
- [19]. Sharma, P., & Kaushik, R. (2020). Endophytic microbes: Diversity and potential for crop improvement. Microbial Diversity and Biotechnology in Food Security, 65–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1801-2_4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1801-2_4
- [20]. Shimahara, K., & Takiguchi, Y. (1988). Preparation of crustacean chitin. Methods in Enzymology, 161, 417–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(88)61049-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(88)61049-4
- [21]. Gaby, J. C., & Buckley, D. H. (2014). A comprehensive aligned nifH gene database: A multipurpose tool for studies of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Database, 2014, bau001. https://doi.org/10.1093/database/bau001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/database/bau001
- [22]. Pandey, A., Nigam, P., Soccol, C. R., Soccol, V. T., Singh, D., & Mohan, R. (2000). Advances in microbial amylases. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, 31(2), 135–152. https://doi.org/10.1042/BA19990073 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1042/BA19990073
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Briseida Margarita Lazcano Lara, Gustavo Saucedo Martínez, Julio Silva Mendoza
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
